Courts are increasingly addressing putative class actions aimed at curbing allegedly illegal government conduct.  An Oregon federal court recently certified a Rule 23(b)(2) class action in a challenge to alleged ICE warrantless arrest practices, holding that plaintiffs may proceed on behalf of people arrested, or at risk of arrest, without a warrant and without pre-arrest individualized probable-cause assessments.  See M-J-M-A- et al. v. Lyons et al., No. 6:25-CV-02011-MTK, 2026 WL 1815866 (D. Or. June 24, 2026).